Did the Seniors You Know Get Their Tax Stimulus?

Category: Elder Law, Tax Law and Planning

As many of us who work with seniors blogged about when the tax stimulus package came to pass , while great in theory, the need to file a tax return to get the stimulus payment had a big hole from an action plan standpoint. Many seniors don't need to file tax returns, and haven't done so in years. This small fact is easy to forget about because for working folks the tax stimulus payment came as a matter of course from filing the return.

The result? PressofAtlanticCity.com reports that: "About 156,800 New Jersey retirees and disabled veterans, including about 1,300 in Atlantic City alone, have not yet submitted paperwork to claim their stimulus payments, according to the IRS. The IRS is asking the public for help in reaching this population with information on how to file. While 74 percent of eligible members of the group have filed, a substantial minority have yet to be contacted. The IRS this week announced a new summer campaign to reach them."

So, for those who have seniors as neighbors, clients, congregation members, or otherwise, see if they got their tax stimulus payment. It is up t0 $600 for singles and $1200 for couples. For details see prior posting: Economic Stimulus Package Now Law.

Hybrid Long Term Care Insurance

Category: Elder Law, Financial Planning

The appeal of a hybrid car is more than greater bang for your buck - it is about making an investment you feel good about. When it comes to Long Term Care insurance, the only people who seem to feel good about the investment are those who have been caregivers, and have seen the devastating costs of spending every single penny of a person's savings (or at least down to the few last pennies) and it still not being enough to cover the costs of care. However, with teh US's aging population, many more families are going to find themselves in the position of caring for loved ones, and asking the question of: Where does the money come from?

Long Term Care Insurance may be a solution, but in many ways it has a bad reputation. The premiums seem very expensive, especially as the people looking at it tend to have just retired and are on a fixed income. Unscrupulous people have taken advantage of seniors with the product, tarring all long term care insurance professionals with the same suspicious brush. Another common thought is that if you never get sick, you just threw a lot of money down the drain.

A possible solution I was recently introduced to? Hybrid Long Term Care Insurance. The basic idea is that you take a lump sum of dollars and purchase Long Term Care Insurance. The dollars buy several things:

1. A total pot of greater dollars available to pay for long term care (a $100k investment might buy you $250k of long term care, depending on your age)
2. A death benefit greater then what you paid in that is "returned" to you heirs if you die and don't use the policy (A $100k investment might buy $200k in death benefity, depending on your age)
3. The ability to withdraw the lump sum you paid in at some point in the future if you need it (you get your $100k back)
4. A lump sum payment is a fixed investment - no need to pay ongoing premiums from your fixed income (you pay and "forget" it)

The cost? The loss of use of the lump sum and the growth on the lump sum unless you use the long term care benefits or the life insurance benefits.

The Street.com examined these hybrid polices in Hybrid Long-Term Care Might Be Right for You and highlighted some points to consider:

• You have significant liquid assets available. With a single premium payment ranging from $50,000 to $100,000, a hybrid policy is only for those with significant cash available that can be reallocated.
• You understand the risk to your portfolio. Once you have accepted that you may need care someday and that this care may be very expensive, the next step is to take a good look at what that will mean to your retirement portfolio.
• A stand-alone, long-term care policy is not an option. If you are not interested in paying premiums indefinitely on a policy you may never use, then the hybrid product -- with a death benefit built in -- may be an option.
• You have been planning to self-insure. If you haven't already recognized the financial risk of the cost of long-term care, you are not ready for this product.
• The ability to get something back for your premiums and retaining control of your money is important to you. You will, at minimum, get the use of your full premium either through long-term care benefits, a death benefit or by requesting a return of premium.
• Simplicity is important. While the long-term care portion of the policy contains the same framework of coverage as a stand-alone policy, there are fewer bells and whistles to add -- or to complicate the deal.

Assisted Living Company Sued for Forcing Out Elderly Residents

Category: Elder Law,

From NJ Biz.com, a report that the New Jersey Public Advocate has filed papers against Assisted Living Concepts Inc., operating eight assisted-living facilities in southern New Jersey, for "allegedly forcing out elderly residents once they have run out of savings and qualify for Medicaid."

In the Article Assisted-Living Co. Charged with Forcing Out Residents, Scott Goldstein reports that "The Public Advocate is investigating allegations that ALC is involuntarily discharging elderly residents, or threatening to discharge them once they have exhausted all of their own funds, or "spent down" their life savings, and therefore qualifies for Medicaid payments to cover the cost of their assisted-living apartment. "

The company under investigation "owns and operates eight assisted living facilities in New Jersey: Baker House in Vineland, Goldfinch House in Bridgeton and Maurice House in Millville, all in Cumberland County; Lindsay House in Pennsville, Salem County; Mey House in Egg Harbor Township, Atlantic County; Chapin House in Rio Grande, Cape May County; Granville House in Burlington, Burlington County; and Post House in Glassboro, Gloucester County."

Many nursing homes and assisted living facilities have a "key-money" requirement that essentially says that a person must spend $X of their own money before the facility will accept Medicaid for the costs of their care. So if a facility has a 12 month "key-money" requirement, and costs $5000 a month, then they will only accept a person who has at least $60,000 to pay for their care. After it is spent, if the person then qualifies for Medicaid, New Jersey will pay the cost of care, usually at a rate below the private pay rate. Here, the New Jersey Public Advocate appears to be alleging that ALC took the "key-money" and then maneuvered to have residents discharged when Medicaid took over payments.

Is Favoring a Caregiver Child in a Will Unequal?

Category:Estate Planning

Joshua C. Tate, Esq., a professor at Southern Methodist University - Dedman School of Law; University of Pennsylvania Law School, writes a compelling new article about the need for revised thinking is testamentary planning to incorporate unequal distributions to reflect the contributions of a caregiver child.

Abstract: Almost all U.S. states allow individuals to disinherit their descendants for any reason or no reason, but most of the world's legal systems currently do not. This Article contends that broad freedom of testation is defensible because it allows elderly people to reward family members who are caregivers. The Article explores the common-law origins of freedom of testation, which developed in the shadow of the medieval rule of primogeniture, a doctrine of no contemporary relevance. The growing problem of eldercare, however, offers a justification for the twenty-first century. Increases in life expectancy have led to a sharp rise in the number of older individuals who require long-term care, and some children and grandchildren are bearing more of the caregiving burden than others. Recent econometric studies, not yet taken into account in legal scholarship, suggest a tendency among the American elderly to bequeath more property to caregiving children. A competent testator, rather than a court or legislature, is in the best position to decide how much care each person has provided and to reward caregivers accordingly. Law reform, therefore, should focus on strengthening testamentary freedom while ensuring that caregivers are adequately compensated in cases of intestacy.

Slow Medicine - A Different Approach to End of Life Care

Category: Elder Law

A recent New York Times article "For the Elderly, Being Heard About Life’s End" describes the benefits of of "“slow medicine,” an approach that encourages less aggressive — and less costly — care at the end of life."

There is an institutionalized bias to give any and all medical care. However, when a person is in their late 80's or 90's this aggressive care may hinder their quality of life and control over the quality of that life.

Aggressive medical care is sometime an exercise is substituted decision making - I can, so therefore I will. What "slow medicine" seems to promote is the question of - you can, but should you?

The article advised that "slow medicine" is "Grounded in research at the Dartmouth Medical School, slow medicine encourages physicians to put on the brakes when considering care that may have high risks and limited rewards for the elderly, and it educates patients and families how to push back against emergency room trips and hospitalizations designed for those with treatable illnesses, not the inevitable erosion of advanced age."

And the irony to this. As a class of population, the treatments are the most expensive, although the results may be limited. "The costliest patients — the elderly with chronic illnesses — are the only group with universal health coverage under Medicare, leading to huge federal expenditures that experts agree are unsustainable as boomers age. "

Parsippany lawyer's practice a senior matter

Category: Elder Law

Elder law is pressing for seniors and their families. The biggest barrier to planning is lack of information. I was happy to do my part this past Sunday in the Daily Record article "Parsippany lawyer's practice a senior matter".


Parsippany lawyer's practice a senior matter
She's one of 39 N.J. attorneys who specializes in elder law
By MARK KITCHIN • Daily Record • April 27, 2008

Deirdre Wheatley-Liss gets the same type of phone call several times a week. It's usually from a man, often a war veteran in his 60s. The house he bought 40 years ago for $4,000 is worth $400,000 now. He and his wife have spent their life raising their children and putting a little bit of money away for their retirement.

Now, one of them is sick and perhaps in need of long-term care and they are wondering, because of the skyrocketing costs of health care, if they will be able to keep their house.
"People call up thinking that their problems are so much different than everybody else," Wheatley-Liss said. "In reality, a lot of them are looking at the same problems."
And those problems are getting larger and more numerous.

Click here for the entire article.

Mandatory Arbitration May be Coming Out of Nursing Home Contracts

Category: Elder Law,

As I have blogged before in Nursing Home Admission Contracts, Be Aware, Be Very Aware, a careful review of these contracts is a must. A growing concern is that they are drafted to take advantage of a family in the direst of circumstances by using the terms of the the contract to limit their own liability. This can leave a family with no contractual recourse when their loved one does not receive the care they deserve. One example of this is a damages limitation clause to $10,000 - this is obviously inadequate to address damages from a sub-standard level of care. Another favorite is the mandatory arbitration provisions - which eliminates the family's right to go to court. Instead, any disputes are decided by a panel of industry experts. As J. Michael Young, Esq. points out in his posting Mandatory Arbitration, in his new blog Texas Probate Litigation not only can arbitration be much more expensive than litigation (you are paying the arbitrators as well as your attorney):

Apart from the cost issue, Defendants often prefer mandatory arbitration because the arbitrators are drawn from the industry and perceived to be more conservative than a jury in awarding damages. For that reason, mandatory arbitration clauses are often attacked as unfair, particularly when the parties are in positions of unequal bargaining.

These clauses are becoming increasingly favored by nursing homes trying to limit liability for substandard care. However,nothing would seem more unequal than an elderly patient "negotiating" with the management of a nursing home. The reason people are admitted to nursing homes is because of failing physical and/or mental
health. Not an ideal circumstance for well informed, arms-length negotiating.

As this article details, Congress has become concerned and a bipartisan bill in the US Senate would curtail the use of such clauses, particularly as a pre-requisite for care.
I imagine this bill has a decent chance of passage, but would likely face a veto from President Bush.

A senisble bill coming out of Congress - who would have thunk it? But note the veto forecast.

Enticing the "elderly" to turn in their driver's licenses?

Category: Elder Law, Miscellaneous Musings

We all complain about other drivers, particularly here in New Jersey where we probably have the most awful traffic, road conditions and convoluted traffic patterns (we can't just turn left - we have a lovely invention called jug-handles instead) in the country.

Elderly drivers tend to get much of the ire - for right or for wrong. In Japan, they are trying to entice "elderly" drivers to turn in their licences ("elderly" is in quotes as they define it as 65 - odd for the country with the one of the longest life expectancies). Yahoo News reports:

Tokyo businesses are to start offering benefits to elderly people who give up their drivers' licences, backing a police effort to cut back on the ballooning number of traffic accidents caused by drivers over 65.

Among more than 30 special offers, one small bank will give higher interest rates, while Mitsukoshi department store chain plans to provide free delivery from its Tokyo stores and a hotel will offer a 10 percent discount on meals in a program starting next month, Tokyo police said on their Web site.

"Have the courage to give up your licence," the police say on the site. "If you have lost confidence in your driving ... if your family says they are worried about you driving ... please think about handing in your licence."

What about some sort of accelerated re-licensing system instead after a certain age? And where does 65 come from (John McCain is 72 after all, and he claims to be spry enough).

Key NJ Medicaid Figures - Starting 2008

Category: Elder Law



In starting 2008, some key Medicaid figures for New Jersey:




Minimum Community Spouse Resource Allowance - $20,880.00

Maximum Community Spouse Resource Allowance - $104,400.00

Resource Allowance for an Individual - $2,000.00

Resource Allowance for a Couple (both husband and wife in a nursing home) - $3,000.00

Minimum Monthly Maintenance Needs Allowance - $1,711.25

Maximum Monthly Maintenance Needs Allowance - $$2,610.00

Monthly Personal Needs Allowance - $35.00

Shelter Standard - $514.00

Standard Utility Allowance -

$344.00 – heating
$210.00 – non-heating
$29.00 – telephone

Divestment Penalty Divisor - $6,655.00

Income Cap Amount - $1,869.00

Home Equity Limit - $750,000.00

Long Term Care Insurance Premiums on the Rise

Category: Elder Law, Financial Planning

Just like in the mortgage market where making mortgages too cheap in years past is making them more expensive today, the Long Term Care insurance market is in the midst of an upward adjustment. While many people may think that Long Term Care insurance is expensive, having to pay out of pocket for long term care is much more so ($100k - $120k a year is not unusual in northern NJ). When insurance companies began underwriting Long Term Care Insurance policies 10-15 years ago, they didn't have a great pool of actuarial data to set the premiums. And unlike life insurance, where there is a fixed cost to the insurance company (the set death benefit), there is no known fixed cost to Long Term Care. Add to that the fact that insurance companies are in business to make money for their shareholders, it should come as no surprise that Long Term Care insurance premiums are on the rise.

What has come as a surprise to some people, however, is that even "guaranteed fixed premiums" are subject to change if the insurance company goes back to the banking and insurance commission of the state to show that all their underwriting assumptions were wrong. This can lead to either an unanticipated increase in premiums (hard to swallow on a fixed income), or a reduction in scheduled benefits.

What should you do? If you have Long Term Care insurance, call your insurance company and ask for a current benefits statement. Check that against your original policy so you can speak to the issuing agent about any discrepancies. If you don't yet have Long Term Care insurance, the price is only going to go up as you get older and the insurance companies readjust their prices.

For more, see Long-Term Care Insurance Giant Raises Premiums on Existing Customers for First Time at elderlawanswers.com.

Family Contracts to Make Siblings Get Along for the Care of Aging Parents

Category: Elder Law

One of the biggest issues an Elder Law attorney faces is not how to plan for their elderly clients to reach their goals, but how to implement the plan with the dynamics of the family. Gender equalization not-withstanding, daughters (and daughters-in-law) bear most of the brunt of caregiving. Often times there are large financial differences between children, and accompanying differences in financial outlook and responsibility. And all of this occurs in the context of families - where resentments from years past have lingered or even festered.

What's an Elder Law attorney to do? Many times asset protection planning for seniors involves a transfer of assets. How can assets be transferred if children, or their spouses, do not appear trustworthy to the other siblings involved? Or, if one child feels he or she "deserves" more?

One solution that I commonly employ is for a transfer to be made to a trust, not to any one or more children outright. A group of the children, or a third party, can then act as a Trustee to safeguard the assets from waste, greed, etc. during the seniors lifetime, and then distribute them evenly at death.

Another creative solution I have been reading about is a "Sibling Contract". This came to my attention through the Louisiana Estate Planning and Elder Law Blog. In her post she cites a well done article "Caring for Pops: Put it in writing - Lawyer suggests sibling contract to avoid court case over aging parents" out of the Dallas Morning News, where Dallas lawyer Walter Hofheinz discusses how Sibling Contracts have evolved in his practice to avoid costly guardianship and probate disputes.

First came divorce agreements. Then there were prenuptial agreements. Now get ready for sibling agreements.

Dallas lawyer Walter Hofheinz knows from specializing in estate planning and probate law for 23 years that conflicts can erupt in even the most loving families when it's time to figure out how to care for an aging parent. Issues that should have been decided around the kitchen table escalate into disputes fought out in lawyers' offices and court. To manage that familial strife, Mr. Hofheinz has come up with what he calls a "memorandum of understanding" between siblings. The contract spells out each adult child's responsibilities and holds that person accountable for them.

"Ideally, an older person tells his children how he wants to be cared for, but that rarely happens," he said. Instead, the topic never gets discussed, and often something bad happens – the parent has a stroke, or his mind starts to fail. Suddenly, brothers and sisters argue over where Dad will live, how his savings will be spent and even how he will die.

"A little planning can avoid a lot of animosity and a lot of money in attorney fees on the back end," Mr. Hofheinz said.

Elder-law experts say the time is ripe for ideas like the Dallas lawyer's, because they're seeing more sibling disagreements grow into bitterly fought guardianship battles that land in probate courts and decimate families.

Read Entire Article Here

A Sibling Contract looks to be a necessary tool to get all the parties on the same page and focused on the real issue - how to best help the people who brought them into this world and raised them, instead of how to better themselves or get even for the slight that occurred 30 years ago. (guilt intended)

Aging at Home - A Community Bands together to buck Institutional Care

Category: Elder Law

Aging in place. It is no secret that most seniors want to stay in their homes. It is also no secret that long term care today has a bias towards institutional care, and not towards allowing a person the resources need to stay at home. From the New York Times is an uplifting report about communities of seniors banding together to buck the system and enjoy their golden years at home.

A Grass-Roots Effort to Grow Old at Home

On a bluff overlooking the Potomac River, George and Anne Allen, both 82, struggle to remain in their beloved three-story house and neighborhood, despite the frailty, danger and isolation of old age.

George and Anne Allen hope to continue living at their Washington home with help from a community group under development. Mr. Allen has been hobbled since he fractured his spine in a fall down the stairs, and he expects to lose his driver’s license when it comes up for renewal. Mrs. Allen recently broke four ribs getting out of bed. Neither can climb a ladder to change a light bulb or crouch under the kitchen sink to fix a leak. Stores and public transportation are an uncomfortable hike.

So the Allens have banded together with their neighbors, who are equally determined to avoid being forced from their homes by dependence. Along with more than 100 communities nationwide — a dozen of them planned here in Washington and its suburbs — their group is part of a movement to make neighborhoods comfortable places to grow old, both for elderly men and women in need of help and for baby boomers anticipating the future.

click here for full story

Nursing Home Admissions Agreements - Be Aware, Be Very Aware

Category: Elder Law,

Admitting a loved one to a nursing home can be very stressful. In addition to dealing with a sick family member and managing all the details involved with the move, you must decide whether to sign all the papers the nursing home is giving you. Nursing home admission agreements can be complicated and confusing, so what do you do?

It is important not to rush, but rather to read. Read the agreement carefully because it could contain illegal or misleading provisions. If possible, try not to sign the agreement until after the resident has moved into the facility. Once a resident has moved in, you will have much more leverage. But even if you have to sign the agreement before the resident moves in, you should still request that the nursing home delete any illegal or unfair terms.

Two items commonly found in these agreements that you need to pay close attention to are a requirement that you be liable for the resident's expenses and a binding arbitration agreement.

Responsible party
A nursing home may try to get you to sign the agreement as the "responsible party." It is very important that you do not agree to this. Nursing homes are prohibited from requiring third parties to guarantee payment of nursing home bills, but many try to get family members to voluntarily agree to pay the bills.

If possible, the resident should sign the agreement him- or herself. If the resident is incapacitated, you may sign the agreement, but be clear you are signing as the resident's agent. Signing the agreement as a responsible party may obligate you to pay the nursing home if the nursing resident is unable to. Look over the agreement for the term "responsible party," "guarantor," "financial agent," or anything similar. Before signing, cross out any terms that indicate you will be responsible for payment and clearly indicate that you are only agreeing to use the resident's income and resources to pay.

Arbitration provision
Many nursing home admission agreements contain a provision stating that all disputes regarding the resident's care will be decided through arbitration. An arbitration provision is not illegal, but by signing it, you are giving up your right to go to court to resolve a dispute with the facility. The nursing home cannot require you to sign an arbitration provision, and you should cross out the arbitration language before signing.

Other provisions
The following are some other provisions to look out for in a nursing home admission agreement.
* Private pay requirement. It is illegal for the nursing home to require a Medicare or Medicaid recipient to pay the private rate for a period of time. The nursing home also cannot require a resident to affirm that he or she is not eligible for Medicare or Medicaid.
* Eviction procedures. It is illegal for the nursing home to authorize eviction for any reason other than the following: the nursing home cannot meet the resident's needs, the resident's heath has improved, the resident's presence is endangering other residents, the resident has not paid, or the nursing home is ceasing operations.
* Waiver of rights. Any provision that waives the nursing home's liability for lost or stolen personal items is illegal. It is also illegal for the nursing home to waive liability for the resident's health.

Pets - More Than Companions to Seniors

In an odd bit of news re elder care, a cat that offers comfort to nursing home patients in their final hours. While it is a touching story, it highlights for me how many seniors die alone, and how many have pets that are their constant companions in later life that will need continuing care and provisions when their owner passes away.

Cat plays furry grim reaper at nursing home: "PROVIDENCE, R.I. - Oscar the cat seems to have an uncanny knack for predicting when nursing home patients are going to die, by curling up next to them during their final hours." Click here for full article.

Many seniors are truly worried about what will happen to their feline and canine and other companions if they are no longer able to take care of them. A client may have adult children, grandchildren and even great-grandchildren who are settled and secure, but when they come to see me, they have stress about providing for the loved one in their life who can't provide for themselves. A couple of thoughts:

Put practicality first. Make sure people know you have a pet, and arrange for a family member or friend to agree to be responsible for "emergency care" if you fall ill. This person needs to be able to get to the pet (has keys to the house) and be aware of the pets needs.

Arrange for long term care for your pet in your Will. This can take a variety of forms, such as a direction as to who gets the pets, matched with a monetary bequest or not, or a pet trust, or making arrangements with a company that provides care for pets for the balanace of their lives when their owners have died.

DWL Speaking at Financial Conferenece

Category: Elder Law, Estate Planning, Estate and Inheritance Tax, Business Law and Planning, Tax Law and Planning, Probate and Estate Administration, Financial Planning, Miscellaneous Musings

I am excited to be speaking at the Garden State Women Magazine 6th Annual Financial Conference & Networking Event on May 12 at the Park Avenue Club in Florham Park. This is an exciting day where New Jersey’s top insurance, real estate, legal and financial professionals will provide women with the information and guidance needed to take charge of their financial future. Click here for more details.

NBC Nightly News Series - Trading Places

Category: Elder Law

NBC Nightly News has an ongoing series about caring for your parents. In the series, they focus on how some well known NBC personalties are taking on this responsibiliy. Links to informative clips are below:

• Click to share your stories
• Video: Dealing with dementia
• Video: Practical advice to care for parents
• Video: Vermont funds home nursing care
• A generation caught between two others
• Tom Brokaw: Having is easier than not
• Ann Curry: At 77, Dad embraces life
• Dr. Nancy Snyderman: A new chapter
• Tim Russert: It takes a team
• Brian Williams: A little help from angels

A Technological Alternative to Moving a Senior From Their Home

Category: Elder Law

This article In Elder Care, Signing on Becomes a Way to Drop By from the New York Times describes a technology based alternative to home health care, assisted living, or nursing home care for seniors - instead of moving a senior to a safer location, why not make their home safer for them to live in alone?

CONNIE ARAPS, 57, of Delray Beach, Fla., thought that her father, Tom Araps, 87, was managing just fine on his own. But when he came to stay with her for a few months in 2005, she found that he was skipping meals, sleeping all morning and not taking daily walks.

To satisfy her father’s desire to live alone, but to ease her mind about his safety, Ms. Araps found an apartment for him less than a mile from her home and had it equipped with QuietCare, a home health alarm system provided by ADT Security Services.

She drops by his apartment often, and logs into a Web site several times a day to check on him. Motion sensors track how often Mr. Araps opens the refrigerator, when he gets out of bed and how long he stays in the bathroom. If his normal patterns vary, the alarm company alerts her. One day, the company called her to say that no one had entered or left the apartment all day. It turned out that a home health aide had failed to show up, and her father had not received his diabetes medication. Ms. Araps rushed over and made sure that her father took his pills.

The article does recognize that this technology is no a cure-all - who will monitor it? can they respond effectively if a change is shown? what about privacy concerns? But for some families, this can be an effective and economical solution to satisfy both the parents and the children's concerns.